2018-11-08 16:53:33阅读()
雅思大作文中有一类题目是因果关系类,具体包括三小类:causeandeffect、causeandsolution、problemandsolution。这三小类问题也可以穿起来,即针对某个topic的cause—effect(即problem)–solution。
无论哪种题目,写明因果关系很重要。关于因果关系的表达同学们都很熟悉,无非是BS(because/so),而且大家也一定很清楚的知道BS在英语中,用了前者就不能用后者的道理。下面跟随思润小编一起来看看。
例如:
Becausefurthereducationhasbecomemoreaccessibleforawiderrangeofpeople,anincreasingnumberofpeoplehavedegrees。
Furthereducationhasbecomemoreaccessibleforawiderrangeofpeople,soanincreasingnumberofpeoplehavedegrees。
但是除了BS之外,还有很多其它表示因果关系的表达,具体如下:
Because系列(表原因)
1.becauseof:because后接的是一个句子(主谓宾);becauseof后一般直接跟名词。例如:
Becauseoftheincreasingnumberofmachine—andaswenotedbefore,machinesmagnifyhumaneffort—thenanyoneusingamachinecan
getahigherwagethananyonenotusingamachine。
2.as/since(除了“因为“外,还有”自从”的意思,使用时要注意避免歧义)
Hoursspentoncommuting,trafficjams,andfightsforparkingshoulddiminish,sinceworkersmakefewerjourneysorworkstaggeredhours
Unfortunately,asthenumberofpeoplelivinginthecityincreases,sodothedifferentproblemsassociatedwithpopulationgrowth。(注意此句中的so不表示“所以”,而是“…也…”的意思)
3.thanksto(positivesituations通常适用于结果好的时候)
Thankstonewtechnology,it‘seasierthanevertoworkremotely。
dueto(negativesituations通常使用与结果不好的时候)
owingto/attributableto/onaccountof
Dueto/…/Onaccountofextremeweatherconditions,damagetopropertyoccurs。
4.当原因需要的表达较多时,我们还可以把以上表达改写为原因状语从句,使用thankstothefactthat/duetothefactthat/owingtothefactthat或者onthegroundsthat,,,
Willwelivelongermerelyduetothefactthat/onthegroundsthattechnology,ifimplementedproperly,willtakestressawayfromourlives
5.causedby/resultfrom也表原因
Manycaraccidentswereresultedfrom/causedbyalackofguardrails
So系列(表结果)
1.thus/therefore/thereby/hence
thus:表示‘inthis/thatway’
Asacountrydevelops,itscitiesbecometheenginesofdevelopment,thusjobsareavailableintheseareas。
therefore:表示‘forthisreason’/‘becauseofthisorthat’
Therefore,theinfluenceofthepeergroupisimportantbothforone’sowncompetenceandfortherelativeevaluationoftheprocessitself,giventhatoneseesoneselfinrelationtoothers。
thereby:bythatmeans,asaresultofthat
Insomecountries,reducedbudgetshaveledtotheeliminationofbusingsystems,therebyincreasingtheuseofcarsandthecongestiontheycreate。
hence:表示‘fromthis/that’
Drinkinglotsofwaterishealthyandreducingplasticwasteisgreatfortheenvironment。Hence,trendyreusablewaterbottlesthatyoucanrefillyourselfarehealth-promoting,eco-friendly,andgreen。
2.Asaresult/Asaconsequence
Asaresult,thosepeoplewhowereindoorshadmuchlighterskin,whichmeansthatwhiterskinisnowassociatedwithhavingahigherstatusthandarkskin。
Asaconsequence,environmentalhealthmustaddressthesocietalandenvironmentalfactorsthatincreasethelikelihoodofexposureanddisease。
3.consequently/accordingly
Consequently更偏重因果逻辑;accordingly更偏重后续解决
Waterpollutionaffectsdrinkingwater,rivers,lakesandoceansallovertheworld。Thisconsequentlyharmshumanhealthandthenaturalenvironment。
Someofthelawswerecontradictory。Accordingly,measuresweretakentoclarifythem。
Cause系列(表结果)
1.cause(v。)引起
Theamountofgarbageproducedbythepeoplealsoincreaseswhichcausessanitarylandfillstofillupfaster。
2.leadto/resultin导致
注意这里是resultin,后跟结果,前面提到的resultfrom后面跟的是原因。
Thesociety’sattitudetofoodoftenleadstoover-consumption。
3.bringabout:tocausetotakeplace引起,带来(注意使用时更倾向于“带来“这个意思)
Theinternettechnologiesthathavebroughtaboutsomuchsocialchangewerescarcelyimaginablejustdecadesbeforetheyappeared。
4.sparkoff引发、引爆,具体指引发比较严重的后果、冲突等(=trigger/activate),或指”点燃“(=inspire)
Sparkoffaseriesofproblems/achainofeventsrelatedto…
Theycansparkoffeachother‘stalents
affect系列(影响到)
1.Affect/influence
Morelikelythannot,gettingavehiclefrompoint“A”topoint“B”involvescombustionofafossilfuel,aprocessthatemitsgassesandaffectstheenvironmentandtheozonelayer。
People‘sbehaviorisinfluencedbycircumstancesandevents,friendsandfamily,education,jobprospects,income,housingandenvironment。
2.impacton对…产生影响(impact一般做名词使用,也可以作为动词)
Overthelastfewdecades,therehasbeenatremendousgrowthininformationtechnology,whichcanimpactonoureverydaylife。
3.giveriseto使发生
Thedecreaseinthenumberofbicyclesandcarsmightgiverisetoanothernewsetofproblems。
名词系列(因果)
1.cause(ofsth。)/reason原因
Obesitycanbedividedintothreemaincauses–diet,lifestyleandeducation。
Thousandsofpeoplemigratetothecitiesnotonlyforjobsbutalsoforeducationalandpersonalreasons。
2.result(forsth。)/effect结果
Thisisadifficultproblemwithmanyseriouseffectsontheindividualandcountry。
Anotherresultislackofself-esteem。
3.causality因果关系(causeandeffect)causation原因
Thecorrelationbetweenpopulationandhousingpricedoesnotindicatedcausality,onlytheassociation。这里的causality也可以换成:causaleffect(因果效应)
Suchacausality-driven,prevention-focusedapproachtohomicideandotherseriouscrimewouldrevolutionizeourconceptionofcriminaljustice,movingfromtheimpositionof“justdeserts”totheenlightenedpursuitofalessviolentsociety。
4.impact/influence影响
Thisareaisoftenoverlookedbuthasatremendousimpactonyourlife
Friendshaveabiginfluenceonthewaythatweusesocialmedia—fromunwrittenrulestobuyingdecisionsandsomuchmore。
形容词系列(因果)
表示因果的形容词不是很常用,使用时多和factor,element结合
1.causal原因的,因果的
Lowincomeandelderlyareamongthepotentialcausalfactorsofprevalenceofobesityamongadults
2.consequential结果的,随之发生的
Measuresotherthanratingswillprovemoreconsequential
3.influential影响的,有影响力的(大多数情况下使用第二个意思)
Familyisthemostinfluentialfactoronhappiness。
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